al wards a staghe

he had deep insight into the psychology of human nature



he has displayed this knowledge through his plays and poem


Shakespeare himself an actor and dramatist


compares the world to a stage and all human beings with actors
playing different roles at different stage of life


the first is the infant mewling for milk and then puking



the second is the whining school boy unwilling to the school


at the third stage is the lover with deep signs and sad songs


the fourth is the soldier a mature man jealous in hon-our quick in quarrel and hankering after fleeting reputation

all wards a staghe

the fifth is the stage in which a man is married has children and has to make decisions like a justice


his outlook is serious and conversation is full of wise saying


all the sixth a man loses physical strength is the most pathetic


it is in a way second childishness a period of complete forgetfulness


a man loss taste eyes and everything

the solitary reaper

it bears most of the qualities his poetry is replete with the poet has blended together the aesthetic and physical aspect of a scene of nature to create a lasing impressing on the readers mind


it is an excellent example of aesthetic and artistic merit of the verses which make the whole poem a thing of beauty


the very first word of the poem behold makes us conscious of the deep impression which the sight and song are going to make on the poets mind

the solitary reaper

mark how poet is spellbound by the song and how beautifully he has communicated his appreciation to the reader


o listen for the vale profound is overflowing with the sound


the sudden reaction of the poet the metaphor of a vale profound overflowing with sound of lines and winsome music these line contain are superb


lines nine to sixteen not only contain beautiful similes but also have a superb store of pictorial images


Arabian sands weary and thirsty travelers shady oasis a pool of water and welcome notes of the nightingale far off islands in the sea

the solitary reaper

springtime silence and then the thrilling voice of the cuckoo breaking the silence what a fine collection of beautiful images


the smile between the song of the maiden and that of the cuckoo and nightingale is apt


metaphorically the girl is to the poet what the nightingale is to the tired travelers


and the music which the poet has stored in his heart and image which have been imprinted on the slats of his memory are as lasting and cherishing as this beautiful poem is even today..

ONE ART

ONE ART IS AN UNUSUALLY ENTICING POEM BY ELIZABETH BISHOP THE TONE AND THE ATTITUDE OF THE POETESS IS NON.SERIOUS TRIVIAL AND TRIFLING BUTT MESSAGE SHE HAS TRIED TO CONVEY IS SERIOUS SANE AND SENSIBLE IT IS HUMAN NATURE THAT THE SPIRIT OF ACCEPTANCE IS VERY HARD TO ACHIEVE WE ARE MOST WILLING to gain but least ready to lose actually this is the root cause of our sorrow lust for more and more destroys our peace of mind in this era of selfishness the poetess tells us how to no achieve peace of mined just master the art of losing and there is no loss

ONE ART

this mastering of the art of lossing is not so hard to acquire we have to accept that there are many thing meant to be lost what makes the difference is our attitude towards loss   the poetess says that the loss of a door key or a kingdom each should be acceted with a smiling face our attiude will give us hope and strength to ignore the bitterness that defeat and disaster bring the poetess rightly says that the most trifling incident and the greatest disaster disaster should be faced without tears life is butt a mingled yarn good and evil gain and loss together let us hope for the best but be prepared for the worst the ideas expressed by the poetess are very appealing for purposes of theory it is howerver very difficult to agree with her in matters of practical importance words..

the new constitution 5

part 5

But there was strange light in his eyes.to the astonished crowd, ustad mangu was saying: those days are gone, friends when we were just good for nothing. there is a new constitution, a new constitution Understand?

        the Englishman's face was swollen and he looked extremely foolish. he still couldn't understand what had happened. Ustad mangu was taken by the two constables to the local police station all the time ,even when he was inside the station he kept screaming , New constitution new constitution!'

    What rubbish are you talking? What new constitution? it is the same old constitution you fool he was told then they locked him up.

THE BEST AGE TO BE

THE BEST AGE TO BE
HOW OFTEN ONE HEARS CHILDREN WISHING THEY WERE GRON UP

AND OLD PEOPLE WISHING THEY WEREYOUNG AGAIN. EACH AGE

HAS ITS PLEASURES AND ITS PAINS AND THE HAPPIEST PERSON

IS THE ONE WHO ENJOYS WHAT EACH AGE GIVES HIM WITHOUT

WASTING HAS TIME IN USELESS REGRETS.


CHILDHOOD IS A TIME WHEN THERE ARE FEW RESPONSIBILITIES

TO MAKE LIFE DIFFCULT. IF A CHILD HAS GOOD PARENTS HE

IS FED LOOKED AFTER AND LOVED WHATEVER HE MAY DO ITS IS

IMPROBABLE THAT HE WILL EVER AGAIN IN HIS LIFE BE GIVE

SO MUCH WITHOUT HAVING TO DO ANYTHING IN RETURN ,IN

ADDITION LIFE IS ALWAYS PRESENTING NEW THING TO THE

CHILD THINGS THAT HAVE LOST THEIR INTEREST FOR OLDER

PEOPLE BECAUSE THEY ARE TOO WELL KNOWN. ACHILD FINDS

PLEASURE IN PLAYING IN THE RAIN

THE BEST AGE TO BE

OR IN THE SNOW HIS FIRST VIIT TO THE SEASIDE IS A

MARVELLOUS ADVENTURE BUT A THINKS OLDER PEOPLE ARE HE

IS NOT SO FREE  TO DO AS HE WISHES AS HE THINKS OLDER

PEOPLE ARE HE IS CONTINUALLY BEING TOLD NOT TO DOTHINGS

OR BEING PUNISHED FOR WHAT HE HAS DONE WRONG. HIS LIFE

IS THEREFORE NOTPERFECTLY HAPPY.

WHEN YOUNG MAN STARTS TO EARN HIS OWN LIVING HE BECOME

FREE FROM THE DISCIPLINE OF SCHOOL  AND PARENTS BUT AT

THE SAME TIME HE IS FORCED TO ACCEPT RESPONSIBILITIES .

HE CAN NO LONGER EXPECT OTHERS TO PAY FOR HIS FOOD, HIS

CLOTHES AND HIS ROOM, BUT HE TO WORK IF HE WANT TO LIVE

COMFORTABLY.

THE BEST AGE TO BE

IF HE SPEND MOST OF HIS TIME PLAYING ABOUT IN THE WAY

THAT HE USED TO AS A CHILD HE WILL GO HUNGRY,AND IF HE

BREAKS THE LAW OF SOCIETY AS HE USED TO BRAKS THE LAWS

OF HIS PARENTS. HE MAY GO TO PRISON IF HOWEVER HE WORKS

HARD KEEPS OUT OF TROUBLE AND HITS GOOD HEALTH HE CAN

HAVE THE GREAT HAPPPINESS OF SEEING HIMSELF MAKE STEADY

PROGRESS IN HIS JOB AND OF BUILDING UP FOE HIS OWN

POSITION IN SOCIETY.

THE BEST AGE TO BE

OLD AGE HAS ALWAYS BEEN THOUGHT OF AS THE WORST AGE TO

BE BUT IT IS NOT NECSSARY FOE THE OLD TO BE UN HAPPY

WITH OLD AGE SHOULD COME WISDOM AND THE ABILITY TO HELP

OTHERS WITH ADVCE WISELY GIVEN THE OLD CAN HAVE THE JOY

OF SEENING THEIR CHILDREN GROWING UP AROUND THEM AND

PERHSPS BEST OF ALL THEY CAN IF THERE LIFE HASS BEEN A

USEFUL ONE FEEL THE HAPPINESS OF HAVING COME THROUGHT

THE BATTLE OF LIFE SAFELY AND OF HAVING REACHED A TIME

WHEN THEY CAN LIE BACK AND REST, LEAVING OTHERS TO

CONTINUE THE FIGHT...

THE REBEL RESENTED IN THIS POEM MAKES HIS PRESENCE FELT ALMOST EVERYWHERE AND IN ALL MATTERS OF BEHAVIOUR. WHEN THE COMMON PEOPLE PRAISE DOGS AND RAIN HE SHOWS HIS LIKING FOR CATS AND THE SUN AN THE VICE VERSA WHEN THE OTHERS GO OUT HE STAYS AT HOME: AND WHEN OTHERS STAY INDOORS HE GOES OUTDOOR. THUS  THE REBEL DISTINGUISHES HIMSELF FROM OTHERS WITH HIS ODD CONDUCT. HIS DESIRE OF LOOKING DIFFERENT DOES NOT GIVE ANY HARM TO OTHER PEOPLE..

THE REBEL DESIRE TO DISTINCTION HIMSELF FROM OTHERS IS BUT NATURAL. HE SHOWS DISTINCTION IN MANY WAYS. WHEN THERE IS THE FASHION OF LONG HAIR HE CUTS HIS HAIR SHORTS, BUT LOTS IT GROW WHEN THE OTHERS HAVE SHORT HAIR. HE BEHAVES WELL IN THE CLASS WHEN THE OTHERS MISBEHAVE, BUT CREATES DISTURBANCE WHEN THE OTHERS BEHAVE WELL.

THE REBEL

THE REBEL IS A MILDLY SATIRICAL POEM IN WHICH HUMOR IS CREATED THOUGH THE FUNNY BEHAVIOUR OF A REBEL. THE REBEL PRESENTED IN THIS POEM IS HARMLESS INNOCENT AND GENTLE HE IS NOT DANGEROUS IN ANY WAY. HE JUST WANTS TO LOOK DIFFERENT FROM THE CEOWD OF COMMON PEOPLE

She asks  the snow flakes to fall on her face gently and comfort her at night.she wants to be one with sun,rain sky mountain, ocean leaf and stone star shine and moon glow all there symbols of nature will fill her dull and drab life with joy. variety and peace. she can rightly call these elements her own.

the woman has an imaginative mind she wants some change in her life. she seeks the help of the natural elements to give variety to her life. she indulges in day dreaming and longs for the blessings of sunshine, rain and dewdrops to enable her to live peacefully. She want to fly
 away with  storm and rest in the lap of nature.

women work

maya angelou has persented before us an imaginatative women. the women is disgusted
with the daily chores she has to do. the drudery of the mechanical routine has not suppresses her capacity to indulge in dreams of an ideal life.

part 2

new years come and go. generally, people make

meery at the arrivl of new year. but the poetess

behaves differently.shr drinks in quiet for

purification of her soul. she wants to shed her

sins and weakness. she is ready to make amends.

she resolves to take herself by the collar and

remind herself what she really is.

   she makes another resolution.she says that she

would take note of her weakness twice a day. she

resolves to face and live with reality. her

resolutions are definitely strange but very

difficult to ful fil. i may aldo make the same

resolutions at new year. i also want to faceand

live with truth but i am afraid i might not be

able to fulfil these resolutions. it is not easy

to live with truth and reality.

new year resolutions


the poetess has given expression to her thoughts

very masterfully. the poem shows that the poetess

has very realistic approach to life and its

complexities. she propagates truth and advocates

practical aspects of life.


New year is a time of checking the deeds of the

past and making resolutions for the future. we

take stock of the past and plan to make our

future better and more meaningful. the poetess,

in this poem, makes a few strange resolutions.

they are really important.

2nd

2nd

        TARTARY


TARTRAY IS A DELIGHFUL POEM.THE POEM IS A FINE EXAMPLE OF TOXIC

RELIEF FROM THE WORRIES OF THIS BITTER WORLD OF REALITY. THINGS

THAT CAN ONLY BE DREANMT OF IN THE REAL WORLD MAY BE ENJOYED IN

THE WORLD OF INAGINATION.


     WE ALL HAVE OUR DREAMS AND DREAMY WORLDS KESTS HAS ALDO

CREATED AND IMAGINARY WORLDS. KEATS HAS ALSO AN IMAGINARY WORLD IN

HIS FAMOUS POEM.

TARTRAY HAVE THE SAME EFFECT OF THE ROADER'S MIND. THE ENCHANTED

ATMOSPHERE OF TARTARY XANADU IS NOT A REAL PLACE DREAMT OF IN

IMAGINATION SIMILARLY, TARTARY IS ALDO A CAPRICIOUS WORLD. BOTH

THE  WORLDS ARE THE CREATION OF THE IMAGINATIVE MINDS OF THE

POETS. THEY ARE FULL OF FASCINATING IMAGES AND DELIGHTING ABJECT

NATURE.


    POEM AIM AT PROVIDING RELIEF TO THE READER. THE CENTRAL IDEA

OF THE POEM IS THE JOURNEY INTO AN IMAGINARY WORLD. THE POEM ARE

ALIKE ATMOSPHERE, INFLUENCE AND APPEAL. POET HAS DESCRIBED XANADO

AND ITS SURROUNDING HE HIMSELF IS NOT THE RULER OF XANADO.

     ON THE CONTRARY POET HAS CREATED TARTARY TO BECOME THE RULER

THERE. HE DELIGHTS HE WANTS TO ENJOY ARE MORE CHIMERICAL AND

FASCINATION THAN THE ATMOSPHERE OF XANADO.

1st tips for B.A Examination

1st tips for B.A Examination


                           

                      LEISRE   

The central idea of the poem is modern man,s
forgetfulness of the aesthetic aspect of life
This technical advancement and material progress might have

provided us great comforts. Are we happier than our forefathers

were? Has all our advancement made us happy in the real sense? It

is very hard to say yes to these questions. Modern man is not even

satisfied at his lot.

   the poet says that real happiness does not contain in gathering

welath at the cost of health. He advises us that we must forget

the worries and cares of life,at leat for some time , and relish

the beauty and charms of natural object like trees,plants streams

and stars.we can experince the ecstasy of the highest degree if we

spare time to dance with beauty and drink from her eyes.

   the poet has created a magical effect by personifying beauty.

Those who have time to turn at beauty's glance enjoy the richness

and variety of life. we miss the delights of gazing at green

bought, shining stars at night flowing streams in the daylight,

and watching squrrels hiding nuts the grass.


    the poet has very successfully taught us a moral lesson. The

language is effecting,rhythmic and lyrical. The poem is simple but

thought provoking.

the new constitution part 1

Ustad mangu hated the british. he used to tell his friends that he hated them because they were ruling  hindustan against the will of the indians missed no opportunity to commit atrocities. However, the fact wasthat it was the british soldies of the cantonment who were responsible for ustad Mangu's rather low opinion of the british. thay used ot treat him as if he were some lower creation odf god, even worse than a dog. Nor  was Ustad Manngu overly found of their fair complexions. he used to experience near nausea when confronted by a white and ruddy British soldier. their red faces remind me of decaying carcasses, he was found of saying.

After a violent quarrel with a drunken english man, he used to remain depressed for days. he would return to his adda and curse them while smoking his hookah or his favourite brand of cigarettes with this picture of a plough on the packet.

look at them, he would say shaking his head came to the house to fetch a candle and before you knew they had taken it over. ican't stand the sight of them, these human monkeys. the way they order you around as if one was their father's slave!

        sometimes, even after having abused them for hours, he would continue to feel enraged. and he would say to someone sitting next to him look at them son't they seem like lepers? somrthing dead and rotting i could konck them all out with one blow but what can you do about their arrogance? yesterday there was one i ran into i was so sick of his gitpit that i nearly smashed his head in but then i restrained myself i mean it would have been below my dignity to hit the wretch.

the new constitution part 2

  

It is said that from 1 Aril there's going to be this new constitution. Do you think it will change everything?

        Not everthing but theysay a lot will change the indians would be free.what about interest? asked one they were probably moneylenders who were in town for litigation

       well frankly i dont konw .will have to ask a lawyer replied his friend.

After dropping his fares he stopped at the Anarkali shop os his friend Dino the sweetmeat vendor.he ordered a large glass of lassi (white beer) drank it down in one gulp belched with satisfaction and shouted the hell with em..

when he returned to tha adda in the eveing none os his friends seemed to be around. he felt bitterly disappointed because he had been looking forward to sharing the great news with his audience. he had ro tell someone that was going tp be a new constitution soon which would change everthing.

         For about half an hour he paced around restlessly his whip under his arm. his mind was on many things good thing that lay in the future .the news that a new constitution was to be given to the country had suddenly opened new possibilties. he had switched on all the light in his brain to examine carefully the implications of the ! April change in India. he felt thrilled  he even smiled to himself when the thought about the fears of those wretched moneylenders about interest. the new consititution is going to be like boiling hot water which will destroy these bugs who suck the blood of the poor he said to himself.

     he was very happy  for new constitution. when he recched in adda he shook his hand vigorously and said: i have great new for you.it is so good that it might make your hair grow back.

the new constitution part 3

Ustad mangu had heard many stories about the communist system over the years. there were many things he liked about it such as their new laws and even newer ideas that was why he'd decided to link the king of Russia with the India act. he was convinced that the changes being brought  in on 1 April were a direct result of the influence of the Russian king. he was of course quite convinced that every country in the world was ruled by a king.

        three days after this incident he picked up three students from the Government Collage who wanted to be taken to Mozang. they were talking about the new constitution  i think thing are going to open up with the new  Act just imagine we are going to have elected assemblies and if  mr... get elected i'm bound to get a government job. Oh! there are going to be many opening and much confusion of course. i'm sure all of us will be able to lay our hands on something.

 i couldn't agree more. and naturally there is going to be a reduction in the number of all these thousands of unemployed graduate sin the weeks following Ustad mangu heard much about the changes both for and against However his mind was quite made up. he was secure in his belief to let the first April come, everything would change.

at least thirty-one days of march came to an end.In the morning fog, he went round the broad and narrow streets of city but everything had the same old and worn-out look.

      

       the gora who was trying to light a cigarette against the wind, turned and began to walk towards the tanga.they looked at each other, and ustad mangu felt as if they two guns firing from point-blank range finally he stepped down from his tonga  all the while eyeing the soldier with mute fury. do you want to go or are you going to make trouble? he gora asked in his pidgin Urdu.

     this is swine i know Ustad Mangu said to himself. he was quite sure that it was quite sure that it was the same man with whom he had a quarrel the year before. the fellow had been drunk and had abused to Ustad Mangu, who had borne the insults in silence. he  wanted to smash the bastard's skull in but he knew that if the case went to court , it was he humble tongawala, who would get it in the neck.

   where do you want to go? Ustad Mangu asked not un forgetful of the fact that there was a new constitution in firce in India now.the dancing girls bazzaar  the gora answered. it will cost you five rupees, Ustad mangu said, and his thick moustache trembled. five rupees Are you out of your mind? the gora screamed in disbelief.yes you heard me ustad mangu said,clenching his fist. are you interested or do you merely want to waste my time?

the new constitution 4

The gora remembered their last encounter and had chosen to pay no attention to ustad mangu's barrel chested stance. he was determined to teach the man another lesson for insolence. he took a couple of steps towards him his swagger stick brushing past the Indian's thigh.

Ustad mangu looked down on the short-statured soldier with great contempt. then he raised his arm and hit him heavily on the chin he followed this with a merciless beating of the Englishman the gora couldn't believe it was actually happening.he tried to ward off the descending blows, but without much luck. he could see that his assailant was in a rage bordering on madness. In desperation, he began to about to shout for help.This seemed to enrage ustad mangu even more and the blows got harder. he was screaming with fury: the same old cockiness even on 1 April! son it is we who are the Raj now.

      A crowd had gathered. two policemen appeared from somewhere and with great difficulty managed to rescue the hapless Englishman  it was quite a sight, there stood ustad mangu with one policeman to his left and one to his right,his broad chest thrown out in defiance.he was foaming at the mouth,